How a data centre project develops and what to expect
Site selection
The first step in developing a data centre is choosing a suitable location.
Key considerations include:
1.
Proximity to the electricity grid, with a firm connection available.
2.
Access to high-speed internet.
3.
Land that is appropriately zoned and suitable for data centre construction.
Planning
Every proposal must be considered by the local authority’s planning committee, based on advice from planning officers.
If a project also includes a battery energy storage system (BESS), this element requires separate approval from the Scottish Government’s Energy Consents Unit (ECU).
As part of the statutory process, at least two public consultation events are held for each project. These provide opportunities to share outline plans, explain what is being proposed, and gather feedback from the community.
Once the consultation period ends, planning officers prepare a recommendation for the committee, which may approve, refuse, or request further information.
The earliest decisions on current proposals are expected in late 2025, with others following in 2026.
Power supply
Data centres are power-intensive facilities, so a reliable and sustainable electricity supply is essential.
Most new facilities in Scotland are expected to use the country’s abundant low-carbon energy. Backup systems, such as generators and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), are also included to ensure continuous operation.
Cooling systems and heat networks
AI data centres generate significant heat, which requires efficient cooling. Many new designs use advanced systems such as closed-loop liquid cooling, which reduces water use.
Some projects are also exploring how waste heat can be reused to provide low-cost, green energy for nearby homes, businesses, and public buildings. In such cases, an on-site energy centre may be included to supply a district heat network.
Construction
Once planning permission is granted, construction can begin. Build programmes typically last from several months to a few years, depending on scale, and support thousands of jobs.
Specialist operators usually take forward the detailed design and construction, ensuring the facility meets high environmental standards such as BREEAM or LEED certification.
The process includes:
1.
Preparing the ground and connecting essential services.
2.
Building the structure and installing electrical and cooling systems.
3.
Fitting out the interior in stages, with server racks added as users move in.
Testing and commissioning
Before opening, the facility undergoes rigorous testing of all systems, including power, cooling, connectivity, and security — to ensure full reliability.
Operations and management
Once operational, data centres require ongoing management. Teams monitor performance, carry out maintenance, and upgrade systems as needed.
Each centre can support hundreds of highly skilled, well-paid roles. Wherever possible, these long-term jobs are filled locally, contributing to the economy and supporting families in the surrounding area.
Developing a data centre involves many stages, from site selection and planning through to construction and long-term operation. The aim is to create reliable digital infrastructure that meets growing demand while supporting local communities and Scotland’s transition to Net Zero.
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